An open circuit, by definition, has no continuity, therefore there is no current flow. A failed capacitor in an open circuit would have absolutely no effect.
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The run capacitor is used when the load is functional while the start capacitor is used to produce the initial torque to drive the load.
Read the capacitor that you remove
There are two ways to read this: you have a burned-out run capacitor on your motor and a good start capacitor in your parts box, and you have a burned-out start capacitor and a good run capacitor. If the run capacitor's bad and you want to put the higher-voltage start cap in its place, the answer is yes. This is called derating, and the only thing it does for you is increases the lifespan of the capacitor because you're not working it as hard as it can take. If the start capacitor's bad, don't do this--they used a 440-volt capacitor in there for a reason.
If a motor is running when the cap fails it will probably continue to run at much higher amp draw and most likely shut down on thermal overload. It can start with a bad cap, but in my experience it most likey wont.
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