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It is the top section of the distillation column. The section where the vapour leaves the column to the condenser.
a section above the feed tray called rectifying section and a trays which are above the feed tray called rectifying trays.
Generally: The flooding velocity of the column is the velocity of the vapor rising through the column at which the liquid on each stage is suspended. The flow of vapor up through the column will not allow the liquid to fall down through the column causing the stages to "flood".
Assuming you have binary components the McCabe Thiele Method should be used. Otherwise a process simulator such as Aspen, Pro/II, and/or KGTower should be used.
By flash, it is assumed you mean the amount flashed in the flash zone after entering a column. If the amount flashed is more than you desire, lower the feed temperature. If the feed is some amount of saturated liquid and vapor, you will want to increase the percentage of liquid fed to the column. This applies to a general distillation column with more flash than desired.If this is a crude oil atmospheric distillation column, and you are getting too much kerosene in a side draw, your cut point probably does not meet the required specification. In this case you will need to adjust your pumparound rates and/or increase the amount of reflux.