Hydraulics.
They are used for oilfield drilling operations and widely applied in making up and breaking out of drill pipes. They are designed to be open-throat with high mobility to escape from the drill pipes freely. A drill pipe power tong consists of a spinning tong and a torque tong, it substitutes a cathead, suspension tong and spinning rope in making up and breaking out.
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Casing tongs are used to spin-up and tighten 'casing'
Other forms of tongs are used to make and break tubular connections to drill string. they are used to help achieve high levels of specified torque which help insure the drill string stays properly connected during the drilling process and keeps the seal on the joints.
the breakout set or dummy roughneck side
used for getting water and sometimes electricity
the fulcrum is where the parts of the two metals meet. Then, you push down in the middle of the tongs. (this is the input force). Then, the output force is the ends of the tongs pushing down or towards each other.
spinning
... to continue spinning.