ASP Asphalt * BIT Bitumenous asphalt or tarmac * BRI Bricks (no longer in use, covered with asphalt or concrete now) * CLA Clay * COM Composite * CON Concrete * COP Composite * COR Coral (coral reef structures) * GRE Graded or rolled earth, grass on graded earth * GRS Grass or earth not graded or rolled * GVL Gravel * ICE Ice * LAT Laterite * MAC Macadam * PEM Partially concrete, asphalt or bitumen-bound macadam * PER Permanent surface, details unknown * PSP Marsden Matting (derived from pierced/perforated steel planking) * SAN Sand * SMT Sommerfeld Tracking * SNO Snow * U Unknown surface
Bede BD-5
Aircraft can strike any city anywhere anytime, thanks to the aircraft carrier. Stated another way: Prior to the carrier, airplanes NEEDED a land base to operate from. So if a country or city was too far away from any land, it would be virtually safe from air attack because NO AIRPLANE could reach it. Thanks to the carrier; no land (island) is needed.
When the landing gear retracts, it is very important for aerodynamics that they retract into the body of the aircraft as much as possible. However, placement of the landing gear depends ultimately on factors such as the aircraft's center of gravity, its weight, its possible fuel load and much more, there may not be a good locaction in the aircraft for the wheels to rectract fully without some kind of articulation. As a result, aircraft designers often must come up with some pretty interesting solutions to enable to landing gear to be retracted fully into a space that is otherwise unused in the aircraft. Often in order for the landing gear to retract into its well, the wheel trucks may have to be rotated or pivoted. Large aircraft in particular often have multiple wheels for each of the landing gear. It is particularly difficult to design a retraction system for these as the wheel trucks may be very large and ungainly. Some large aircraft have the ability to pivot the landing gear to one direction or another for landing. This is done to increase the aircraft's capacity to land in cross-winds. In a strong cross-wind the aircraft may not be able to land gracefully pointed straight down the runway, and so the landing gear may be off-set one direction or another to allow the aircraft to land with a slight crab-angle.
Can vary for different aircraft, but it depends on the number of seats
When one aircraft carries another one atop it.
It can land on a paved runway, sand, water, dirt, and grass.
No, tail surfaces are designed for particular aircraft.
Elevators are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's pitch
Jet-powered aircraft land on the same airports as piston-engine aircraft.
The elevator are the control surfaces on an airplane that make the aircraft pitch nose UP or DOWN and causes the airplane to rise or descend. The Elevator are usually on the tail of the aircraft and are mounted on the horizontal tail surfaces. However, some aircraft have this control forward of the main wings.
Land surfaces heat up and cool down faster than water surfaces.
The control surfaces, rudder, elevators and ailerons.
Pilots that are flying naval aircraft.
The geometry of the surfaces (to change the reflection), the materials of the surfaces (to absorb radar), the exhaust is cooled to reduce heat signature, anything that reduces the heat and radar signature of the platform
The Battle of Midway was fought entirely at sea by aircraft from Japan's aircraft carrier forces, the United States Navy aircraft carrier forces, and land-based aircraft from Midway.
Aircraft take off and land on airstrips. Airstrips are runways aircraft are planes.
Land surfaces warm faster and cool faster