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You divide the image into two axes (X and Y), and work out positions across the image using a coordinate system. E.g. if the X axis is A - Z and the Y axis is 1 - 10, you can refer to a particular position in the image as C-8. If that C-8 grid or pixel is black, the value is 1, if it is white, the value is 0. In statistical analysis, this system is used to visually explore contingency tables-- the X axis can contain a list of categories and the Y axis can contain a list of cases.
An ordered list of data in any programming language is simply a sorted array or list. In C++ this can either mean a sorted array, vector, list or forward list.
A list is an abstract data structure, usually defined as an ordered collection of data. A linked list refers to a specific implementation of a list in which each element in the list is connected (linked) to the next element.
It depends on what you intend to do with the data. The assumption is the data is dynamic, the number of elements are not known in advance. Binary trees are best if you want to sort the data as it is entered. Linked lists are best if you simply want a list of sequential data, or need to implement a stack or a queue.
A linked list is used in computer science to store data as a series of related nodes. Linked lists are used as the basis for abstract data types when programming. The chief advantage of a linked list is that data can be added or removed from the list without having to reorganize the whole list. A drawback to linked lists can be that it is difficult to sort, organize, or recall specific information from the list.