Not necessarily, in the UK in the 1950s and 60s there were single-phase 480 V supplies with a neutral centre-tap giving two 240 V supplies with opposite phase. It is still used in rural areas, a three-wire single-phase supply, but individual properties do not normally have a 480 V supply.
Normally the supply is used for small groups of houses where half the houses are put on one side of the supply and the others on the other half. When both groups of houses use the same amount of current, there is no current returning in the neutral wire, which gives lower distribution losses.
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To connect 480vac 3 phase to 230vac single phase, you need a step down transformer, 480 to 230, connected to one phase.
The ratio for a 480 VAC to 120 VAC is 4 to 1.
single phase, double phase & three phase
The difference between a single phase and a three phase motor is the amount of power conductors that feed the device. As to the other part of the question a three phase motor will not start or run on single phase. The phase angles on three phase are 120 degrees apart on a single phase system they are 180 degrees apart.
A two-phase system is archaic and you are unlikely to find it in use anywhere these days, so it is mainly of historical interest. A two-phase, three-wire system, consists of two phase voltages, displaced from each other by 90 electrical degrees, and a phase voltage which is 1.414 x phase voltage.A three-phase system consists of three phase voltages which are displaced from each other by 120 electrical degrees. In the case of a three-phase, three-wire, system, the line voltages are numerically equal to the phase voltages; in the case of a three-phase, four-wire, system, the line voltages are 1.732 x phase voltage.
Yes, there a difference between three phase and single phase electrical supply services.