A: There is no calculation involved it is specified by the manufacture as a level +/- volts or even current
SNR = Signal Power / Noise Power, which is an indication of how well a receiver can distinquish a signal from random noise (non signal). The Noise margin is the measure in Db of how much better the SNR is than the SNR required for proper operation of a receiver. To a user this may be more valuable information, since the user may not know what an acceptable SNR is for his equipment.
Digital Electronics deals with logic 1 and logic 0, where logic 1 is represented by one voltage and logic is represented by another voltage.(ie. it is a discrete representaiton of analog signals). The main advantage of digital signals over analog signal is that it is less prone to noise.
A: With positive feedback the amplifier is saturated one way or the other in a quiescent state no signal or noise input can effects its output
To know about the advantages of TTL logic family, one should have a basic idea about RTL, DTL etc. Diode logic (DL) uses diodes to implement logical functions like AND and OR. But the disadvantage is that it can not perform NOT operation. As AND and OR are not complete functions by themselves, they can not perform several logic functions without NOT. Hence, there was a need for some device which can perform a NOT function as diodes can not. That device is a transistor. Then came the DTL which uses a transistor along with diodes. As a transistor can act as an inverter, NAND (NOT-AND) & NOR (NOT-OR) operations can be performed. But this logic uses several diodes which will slow down its operation. Due to the delay offered by them, the logic levels may sometimes change i. e. 0 t0 1 or 1 to 0. Then came TTL. This logic uses a multi emitter transistor, a transistor with many emitter terminals. As every emitter is nothing but a diode, this logic eliminates the use of all diodes. This is the major advantage. As transistor becomes ON and OFF much rapidly than a diode, switching time will be faster. TTL, or Transistor-transistor logic replaced resistor-transistor logic, and used much less power. The TTL family is very fast and reliable, and newer faster, less power-consuming, etc. types are always being developed. = In TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), think that the device using this technology is made from several transistors. Another advantage is that many more chips employ this technology.
Each logic family has a noise margin (also called "noise immunity") specified by the manufacturer. Manufacturers guarantee that the digital logic will still produce correct results even when some small amount of noise is superimposed on a gate output signal. The maximum amount of such noise that manufacturers are willing to guarantee is the noise margin. In order from highest to lowest noise immunity: high-threshold logic: ??? CMOS has a noise margin of 2.95 volts with a 10 V power supply. CMOS has a noise margin of 1.45 volts with a 5 V power supply. CMOS has a noise margin of 0.6 volts with a 3 V power supply. TTL has a noise margin of 0.3 volts. integrated injection logic (IIL): ???
A: There is no calculation involved it is specified by the manufacture as a level +/- volts or even current
The low state dc noise margin for TTL dates is 0.3v and the high state noise margin is 0.7v
SNR = Signal Power / Noise Power, which is an indication of how well a receiver can distinquish a signal from random noise (non signal). The Noise margin is the measure in Db of how much better the SNR is than the SNR required for proper operation of a receiver. To a user this may be more valuable information, since the user may not know what an acceptable SNR is for his equipment.
i had the stapes operation in l974 and it left me with a humming noise and buzzing noise has that improved since then i mean can the oper be done now without the side effects of those noises
noise pollution is important because noise effects animals and people by stress
To check the noise margin of a CMOS gate, one can perform voltage margining tests by applying different voltage levels to the input to determine at what point the gate switches its output. This can help assess the noise immunity of the gate. Additionally, one can perform a noise injection test by introducing simulated noise at the input to see how it affects the gate's output stability. These tests can help evaluate the robustness of the CMOS gate against noise.
Noise pollution can caused a person "deaf".
Data analysis of noise pollution seeks to establish the effects of noise pollution. Some of the established effects include headaches, stress, impaired hearing and so much more.
it doesnt
TTL Logic Circuits - "Transistor Transistor Logic" - are made using BJTs. They operate from +5 Volts. These are available from simple AND, OR, NAND Gates to complex circuits. The voltage levels are INPUT OUTPUT Low (0) < 0.8V <0.4V High (1) >2.0V >2.4V Levels in between are undefined. The outputs are better than the inputs by 0.4V thus offering a noise margin. These are seldom used these days as other logic families have been introduced offering more advantages like, speed, lower power, wider / lower operating voltage, higher fanouts.
Digital Electronics deals with logic 1 and logic 0, where logic 1 is represented by one voltage and logic is represented by another voltage.(ie. it is a discrete representaiton of analog signals). The main advantage of digital signals over analog signal is that it is less prone to noise.