Depends on the thickness and water content. If it is laminated it becomes much stronger as in plywood. There is test info on such things elsewhere,
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No, pine is considered a soft wood. This is why many people cut down any that become taller than their homes.
Shear force is an internal force in any material which is usually caused by any external force acting perpendicular to the material, or a force which has a component acting tangent to the material. Take a ruler or a block of wood, and put it in table surface. Pushing the ruler or the block of wood in the downwards direction, will create a shear force inside the block of wood or the ruler. Since you are creating a force that's perpendicular to the material. The bigger force you apply to the ruler or the block of wood, the higher the shear force the material is going to experience in general. Please note shear force is an internal force, and in the block of wood or the ruler in this case, the shear force can vary at different point in the material. You can also draw a shear force diagram which represent how much shear force a material is experiencing at different point.
Although all wood will rot in due time but pine and oak will last longer
It depends on the timber type. A typical range is 1,000,000 psi (6.9 GPa) for soft pine and cedar to 1,700,000 psi (11.7 GPa) for white oak and longleaf or shortleaf pine and Douglas fir.
The actual wood used could be almost anything, though pine is most common. Plywood is actually a type of manufactured wood with alternating layers glued together with their grain oriented perpendicular to increase the strength.