GSM uses GMSK modulation scheme. GPRS also uses GMSK modulation scheme. EDGE and UMTS uses 8-PSK.
In a analog transmitter the RF carrier have to be modulated with the analog signal either by AM or FM where in digital transmitter the carrier is simply switched on and off a off = a zero and on = a one
The data rate for Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) digital voice signals is calculated using the formula: Data Rate = Sampling Rate × Bits per Sample. For standard voice applications, the sampling rate is typically 8 kHz (samples per second), and each sample is represented by 8 bits (1 byte). Thus, the calculation is 8,000 samples/second × 8 bits/sample = 64,000 bits per second, or 64 Kbps. This rate is sufficient to capture the frequency range of human speech effectively.
the modulation system is of FM
Frequency modulation Phase modulation
GSM uses GMSK modulation scheme. GPRS also uses GMSK modulation scheme. EDGE and UMTS uses 8-PSK.
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baud rate = symbol rate= modulation rate all the same thing
For NRZ we require large bandwidth,because transition will not occur in middle of bit.whereas in Manhaster encoding transition will occur middle of the bit so Data rate = Modulation rate/2 Regards, Dilip Prajapati
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all you need is to know the modulation technique and then you can know how many bits per one symbole then to calculate the data rate = baud rate * bits/symbole
The delta modulation transmits only one bit for one sample. Thus the signaling rate and transmission channel bandwidth is quite small for delta modulation. The transmitter and receiver implementation is very much simple for delta modulation. There is no analog to digital converter involved in delta modulation. The disadvantages of delta modulation are slope overload distortion and granular noise. These are the two drawbacks of delta modulation.
The interest rate is calculated annually.
the basic limitation on direct modulation rate of laser diodes depend on the spontaneous emission stimulated emission carrier life time. and these limitation can be taken care by semiconductor band gap and the carrier concentration.
270.83 kbps
The bandwidth of the transmission media The modulation encoding used
In GSM generally GMSK which is a derivative of MSK is beeing used because of its spectral efficiency and more noise resistant. Regards Sumeer Mehaboob