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GSM uses GMSK modulation scheme. GPRS also uses GMSK modulation scheme. EDGE and UMTS uses 8-PSK.
In a analog transmitter the RF carrier have to be modulated with the analog signal either by AM or FM where in digital transmitter the carrier is simply switched on and off a off = a zero and on = a one
The data rate for Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) digital voice signals is calculated using the formula: Data Rate = Sampling Rate × Bits per Sample. For standard voice applications, the sampling rate is typically 8 kHz (samples per second), and each sample is represented by 8 bits (1 byte). Thus, the calculation is 8,000 samples/second × 8 bits/sample = 64,000 bits per second, or 64 Kbps. This rate is sufficient to capture the frequency range of human speech effectively.
the modulation system is of FM
Frequency modulation Phase modulation