The basic equation that will enable you to determine the temperature of any electrical machine is:
(W - Q) = m c (Tf - Ti)
Where, W = work done on the machine, Q = heat transfer away from the machine into its surroundings, m = mass of the machine, c = specific heat capacity of the machine, and Tf and Ti the final and initial temperatures of the machine respectively.
But there are so many variables involved that it would be very difficult to apply this equation in practise. For example, the ambient temperature (Ti) is variable, and you would need to know the mass and specific heat capacity for every component of the machine.
So the simple answer would be to simply measure it with a thermometer!
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