hydraulic is liquid based, pneumatic is air.
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hydraulic machines work with help of pressurised liquids where as pneumatic machines work with the help of pressurised gas
Hydraulics is the use of liquids to transmit power. Pneumatics is the use of gases (usually air) to transmit power.
My thoughts go like this...(from watching 'Scrapheap Challenge"0 plus a little basic knowledge of physics. 1/ Pneumatics involve the movement of pistons and what not via the medium of compressed air or air under pressure. 2/ Hydraulics involve the movement of pistons and what not via the medium of compressed fluids or fluid under pressure. 3/ Fluid is denser than gas (compressed air). I believe hydraulics can handle far heavier loads than pneumatics. Pneumatics would appear to use a lighter more flexible medium than hydraulics. In answer to your question, I believe hydraulics would be far more effective at manipulating heavy loads versus pneumatics. However, pneumatics would be a more flexible system than hydraulics. Hows that?
Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems are similar in that they both use double/single acting cylinders to operate something - Be it an automatic door for pneumatics and other such trivial tasks, or JCBs with hydraulics. Another key similarity would be the way in which they work - they both take the easiest path where available and both use 3/2 valves. A major difference between them is the pressures involved, the output forces and the use of 4/3 (hydraulics) and 5/2 (pneumatics) to operate a double acting cylinder.
Machines of all types need power. Power allows the machines to do specific kinds of work. Two of the most efficient and compact forms of power for machines are hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Hydraulics and pneumatics can be configured into different types of power sources to lift, lower, pull, push, turn, rotate and move machines carrying tremendous loads. Tools can also be powered to break stone, join steel and cut wood. Hydraulics and pneumatics provide the energy to make work happen.
hydraulics uses the principle of hydrostatic pressure to work