This isn't a great idea. You likely could if you lowered the frequency to ~40hz (if made to run at 60hz), and cut the load on the motor down to 63% of its' rated hp. You want to keep the volts per hertz equal or near the nameplate values.
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It would turn without a load, but its performance would be poor, meaning it would not be able to turn much of a mechanical load.
no
The motor will run, probably at nearly the same speed, but it cannot supply the same mechanical load. If it can be run on a lighter load, proportional to the voltage, it should be OK.
Yes just connect any line to neutral you have 230volts already.
Yes. It will make your motor a little faster though, so it depends on what you are powering with this motor. IE Can the piece of eguipment be ran faster?
It will probably run but not correctly. Low voltage will cause the motor to draw less amps than it's designed to. It will not reach its rated RPMs and such slow operation may shorten its operating life.