Yes. C is a general purpose programming language with compilers available for all versions of Windows.
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Microsoft Windows Was Created By Using C, C++, Visual BASIC
Your question has nothing to do with C language, it's about your Windows' DOS-compatibility (or incompatibility).
The c compiler in Windows converts the binary code from source files. C is a compiled programming language and it needs to be converted for the program to run.
Portability.
Visual Basic is not the most widely used programming language in the world. Aside from anything else, it only works on Windows. Java is the most widely used programming language in the world, closely followed by C++. And there are plenty more languages that are far more widely used than Visual Basic, including C, Python, Ruby and Perl, to name but a few. Even C#, which is also a Windows-only programming language, is more popular than Visual Basic.