Clay, derived naturally, comes from sedimentation in river beds after they become more stagnant. The silt collects and can be cut right from the old stream bed and used for making models and sculptures. Cement, of the Portland variety, is made from sand, rocks and limestone to be used to make buildings and driveways.
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Limestone is made up of calcium oxide which is the key ingredient to make cement. The limestone is mixed in with a particular clay to get the cement mixture.
it is clay
you make it by mixing limestone powder and clay in a kiln
Fly ash is an ingredient in cement manufacturing. The main components of cement are limestone, clay, sand, and fly ash. The cement folks are interested in the silica and alumina in the fly ash, so depending upon the amount of those in the fly ash allows them to decrease the amount of clay and sand which is where they get those constituents if they don't use fly ash. The advantage is to decrease the volume of clay and sand that have to be mined, realizing a cost savings as well as saving the clay and sand for future generations.
The materials used to make cement are,Calcareous materials (limestone)Argillaceous materials (clay)gypsumCoal dustIron oxidemagnesiumAlkalies