A: The reason is that a 1N4xxx diode is the most common and vastly manufactured and it is cheap and finally it can conduct 1 ampere which most circuit can use for operation. Actual in most cases it is an overkill but it is cheaper then anything else.
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there is no forward breakdown voltage for any diode
a 2 diode rectifier is a center tap rectifier an a 4 diode rectifier will be a bridge rectifier *********************************************************** A two-diode rectifier is not always a centre-tap rectifier. If the two diodes are connected to the same end of a transformer's secondary, one by its anode and one by its cathode, one will proved a positive voltage with respect to trhe other end of the winding and the other will provide a negative voltage. (But perhaps that isn't considered a two-diode rectifier - but a two single-diode ones.)
Nothing will happen to the diode but that rectifier effectively becomes a half-wave rectifier.
The only difference is the maximum repetitive capability which is maximum for IN4007 compared to OA79
yes, diode can be used as rectifier diode to convert ac to dc