The extension cord was invented in 1904 by S. W. Atherton, an American inventor and electrical engineer.
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They are tools that require electricity. This may come from using an extension cord to plug the tool into the wall or the tool may use a battery pack.
You can rewire your extension cord by replacing the existing wire with green, black and white wires. In most situations it is safer and cheaper to buy a new extention cord.
When the outlet is more than 40 feet away, or when you are operating 2 or more tools from it.
It depends on the extension cord but I will give you 2 ways and they are each very simple. On a residential type (what I call a house burner) extension cord with just 2 conductors, you will find that the jacket of one wire is smooth and the other one has ridges. The one with ridges is your neutral or white conductor. On a more commercial type extension cord with conductors covered by a protective jacket, your conductors in the cord will be color-coded, with black being hot, white being neutral and green or bare being ground.
A 14 gauge extension cord can safely carry 15 amps, but not very far. Number 14 gauge extension cords are only rated for about 13 amps according to the labels on the cord. This is because the insulation is not intended to withstand the heat of currents above this level. Running this cord over 50 feet or loading it to 18 amps would be unacceptable.The likelihood of the cord maintaining the 18 amps for any amount of time for the high current to do any damage to the insulation of the cord is not very great. Extension cords are only an extension of the 15 amp wall circuit that they are plugged into. On overloading the extension cord by that amount the overload will trip the 15 amp supply breaker. An example of this is jamming a circular handsaw when it is plugged into the end of a 50 foot extension cord. The next action that is taken is to reset the tripped breaker.