power angles determines the power the generator has to produce when there is variation in load. It also determines the stability of the system. when the power angle is above 90 degree, then the generator is unstable and falls out of synchronism.
when power angle=0, then the generator satisfies the load requirment(no power should be produced)
when power angle=90, then the generator satisfies doesn't the load requirment(extra power should be produced)
when power angle=above 90, then the generator is unstable and system collapse
If the frequency of the oncoming generator is slightly higher than the system frequency, the phase angle between the system and generator voltages will slowly change at a frequency equal to the difference between system and generator frequencies.
Angle
With a purely resistive load the phase angle will be zero. A 'star system' refers to a three phase power system with a resistive load placed between each phase and the neutral. If you have a resistive load(s*) evenly balanced across all three phases the phase angle will be zero, although depending on which point you look at, the current will actually be zero. The 'star system' is to help compensate for unbalanced loads. In practice you are going to have a lot of inherant inductance in such a system. So either the load will have some capacitance built into it to compensate or you will have a special reactive power compensator unit to deal with it. *Actually this will be three loads.
Power factor is the ratio of true power to apparent power -if you refer to the so-called 'power triangle', these correspond to the adjacent and hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle. The cosine of the angle between them is the ratio of hypotenuse (apparent power) to adjacent (true power). As the power triangle is derived from the voltage/current phasor diagram, this is exactly the same angle as that between load current and supply voltage.
Apparent power is the product of voltage and current in an a.c. system, and is expressed in volt amperes. The rated apparent power of a transformer is the product of its rated secondary current and rated secondary voltage.
Force; power., Physical force., Moral power.
the system is balanced, meaning that the three phases have equal voltage magnitudes and are 120 degrees apart in phase angle.
Force; power., Physical force., Moral power.
Reverse power flow into a generator can occur during synchronization if the generator is spinning too slowly, or the voltage phase angle is lagging relative to the power system. If the generator is spinning too slowly, power from the system is used by the generator to increase its' speed. If the phase angle is lagging, an initial spike of power will flow into the generator to force it into sync with the system. Typically generator's will match system frequency very closesly, and force the phase angle to leading slightly between the generator and the system. When synchronized, an extra bump of power will flow out while the generator is torqued into phase with the system. This will avoid tripping any reverse power devices.
The firing delay angle is the point in the AC cycle at which a thyristor starts conducting. By adjusting this angle, the power factor of the system can be controlled as it affects the balance between real power and reactive power. A smaller firing delay angle can improve the power factor by reducing the phase difference between voltage and current.
Balaheenar = people poor in physical power.
Distributed Control System
Apparent power is the vector sum of a load's true power and its reactive power. If you draw a 'power diagram', the phase angle will be the angle between the true power and the apparent power. If true power is fixed, then increasing the phase angle will result in a greater value of apparent power.
A three-phase 'unbalanced' system refers to the load, as the supply voltages are unaffected by load. So the phase-angle and, therefore, the power factor of each phase will be different -i.e. there will be three different power factors.
PHYSICAL POWER Physical Power is power obtain from the Universal power as we breathe in. it is used in all our activities: physically, mentally, emotionally, psychically, and spiritually
Power factor = cos (angle)PF=cos @
A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units