If you are asking about a light bulb, the threadlike conductor, often of tungsten, that is heated to incandescence by the passage of current
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All kinds of incandescent lamp, and all types of light bulb contains filament. But there are several kinds of filament applied each type of light bulb.
In vacuum tube devices, one electrode of the tube (the filament) needs low voltage at relatively high current, while another one (the plate) needs a high voltage at relatively low current. It's hard to build a single power supply to provide both of these, so the filament is usually supplied from its own separate transformer. Nobody has worried about things like this since a short time after transistors came along.
In an incandescent light bulb the wire that gives off the light is called the Filament.
Filament is a thin part of incandescent bulb which is the source of electric light that electric current passes through and heated it until it produce light.
An incandescent bulb has a filament that has a resistance. The value of the resistance determines the current that will flow for a given supply voltage. The heat generated by the current flowing through the filament gives off light. As the resistance of the filament decreases the current increases and you get more light.