Any voltage that is fed into or "applied" to an electrical circuit is referred to as an "applied voltage".
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A voltage is never applied to the secondary It can be used as a source but hen it becomes the primary by definition
For a series circuit, the applied voltage equals the sum of the voltage drops
The applied voltage is 53+28 = 81V.
When an alternating voltage is applied to a purely resistive circuit, the resulting current is in phase with the voltage.
The reason an AC voltage applied across a load resistance produces alternating current is because when you have AC voltage you have to have AC current. If DC voltage is applied, DC current is produced.