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The instantaneous voltage rating of a given insulation sytem. In the case of a lightning strike, it is very high voltage but only for a split second. The insulation is designed to handle this rated voltage for a split second without damage to the apparatus. Any longer, and damage would result.
By multiply current supply and voltage
In low voltage wires, the insulation factor of the coating determines the wire's voltage rating. A wire coating of cross linked poly vinyl is used as an insulation. High voltage transmission wires uses no coating on the wire
The dielectric strenght of a transformer represents the maximum voltage permissible to apply across the transformer insulation i.e. between the transformer winding to another part of the transformer, normally the chassis or another winding and without break-down of the insulation ocurring (e.g. arcing). The breakdown voltage of a transformer represents a voltage that exceeds its dielectric strenght and that causes breakdown e.g. arcing across the insulation.
A megger is an instrument that generates a high voltage. That high voltage is then used for measuring insulation resistance, especially that of electrical devices.