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Rectangular waveguide and circular waveguide are metal hollow structure used to guide EM waves. Depending upon their shapes they are classified as rectangular or circular. They are basically a passive microwave device and acts like a High Pass Filter.

Rectangular waveguide :

It is the earliest kind of the transmission lines.

It supports supports TM and TE modes.

It does not support TEM waves because it has only one conductor and cannot define a unique voltage.

Conductor is filled with a material that has material with permittivity e and permeability m.

Cutoff wavelength equation for is define below.

λc = 2/

Here, m= number of half-wave along broad side dimension,

N= number of half-wave along the shorter side.

Circular Waveguide:

It maintains a uniform circular cross section along their length.

The cutoff frequency is unique for a specific waveguide mode that is assumed to be propagating in a waveguide of a given diameter and determines the lower frequency of the waveguide’s operating frequency range.

The cutoff frequency is calculated using the following formula:

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