series reactor is used to limit the fault current. b'cos reactor contains inductance and it opposes the rate of change of current
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It works with two reactor coils for excitation of the field reactor coil , which in turn provides current to the field. The two reactor coils are connected in shunt and series with the output of the generator stator or armature ( from where load is connected).
'Switchgear' is a generic term for all switching devices, such as circuit breakers, isolators, air-break links, etc. A reactor is simply a coil so, no, it is not classified as being switchgear.
A reactor in an AC circuit is basically an inductor which will filter spikes in source voltage. See the related link.
A transformer is composed of two coils and wrapped around a core while a reactor is made up of one coil of wire. A transformer is used to increase or decrease the amount of current while a reactor is used to isolate circuits from a noisy background.
A nuclear reactor contains a nuclear reaction, provides support for the control mechanisms for the reaction, and provides for the transfer of heat to machinery that will use it to produce electric power.