A capacitor is a device that stores electric potential energy and charge. Unlike batteries, capacitors do not involve chemical reactions. They merely encompass the movement of charged particles, so they can be charged and discharged very quickly. This important property gives them many useful applications.
They are used as electrical flash units in Photography, lasers, air bag sensors, radio receivers, and television receivers. Most importantly, they are used in alternating-current circuits, which play a crucial role in most household and industrial power-distribution systems.
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A disc capacitor does exactly the same thing that any other capacitor does, with one difference: it has the lowest value of parasitic inductance of any type of capacitor. As inductance is exactly the opposite property to capacitance, its presence in a capacitor is very undesirable in many applications and can sometimes result in circuit instability.
When used in car audio applications, a 1 farad capacitor is usually about 6" long and about 2.5-3" in diameter.
An Silicon Controlled rectifier is most utilized in switching applications. For example: discharging a capacitor. Because a SCR stays on until a certain voltage between the collector and emitter drops bellow a certain level, the SCR will stay on when triggered until the capacitor is empty.
You can not by-pass the capacitor in an electric motor. Most are capacitor-start motors which require the capacitor to be operational in order to start. If the capacitor is not working then it will need to be replaced.
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