we will operate transistor mainly in 4 regions..namely active ,cutoff,saturation and pinch off region depending on the type of biasing.
if it is under active region then transistor is a linear device..
linearity in the sense if the output is proportional to input then it is said to be linear.
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A transistor begin to conduct if the Vbe is ~.6v following an exponential curve therefore non very linear. by biasing it is possible to achieve a linear portion of the load lines
A load line is used in graphic analysis of circuits, having both linear and non-linear parts, representing the constraint the other parts of the circuit put on the non-linear transistor. It represents the response of the linear circuit connected to the transistor. The DC load line describes the DC operation of a transistor graphically.
diode is nonlinear device,so device from diode is also nonlinear
There is no formula it depends on the device. If the device is linear it can be ascertain but if it a non linear then it becomes quite complex
Zener diode is not a linear device... it is non-linear one. Since linear devices are those devices which have linear characteristics(V-I CHAR.), or follows the Ohm's law i.e. voltage is directly proportional to current. but in case of Zener diode ohm's law fails down. the V-I char. in both forward biased & reverse biased condition is non-linear. So. Zener diode is non-linear device