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Output offset voltage is the output of an operational amplifier when the two inputs are shorted together (and often tied to ground).
>> The output offset voltage (Voo) is caused by mismatching by two input terminals. Even though all the components are integrated on the same chip, it is not possible to have two transistors in the input differential amplifier stage with exactly the same characteristics. This means that the collector currents in these two transistors are not equal, which causes a differential output voltage from the first stage. The output of first stage is amplified by following stages and possibly aggravated by more mismatching between them. Thus the output voltage caused by mismatching between two input terminals is the output offset Voo .
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What is offset current?
On a differential amplifier while there is some voltage offset there is also current offset which is dependent on the value of the F/B resistance the bigger value the more offset.
Is it the value of input voltage equal the value of output voltage?
No. There are several factors that may affect the output voltage. For instance: Resistors, Transformer, Voltage regulators and others that can control the output voltage to a certain level.
What is mean by offset null voltage?
none voltge
How do rectifier circuits stabilize the output voltage when the input voltage is subject to fluctuations?
Rectifiers don't "stabilize the output voltage" of rectifier circuits when input voltage fluctuates. The rectifiers just rectify the input, and the output will fluctuate as the input does. Another form of "conditioning" of the rectified output is needed to address the issue of fluctuations. And we use the term regulation to talk about the effect of "stabilizing" an output voltage. Through regulation, the output will be resistant to changes in voltage when changes in the input voltage occur.
What is voltage gain?
Voltage gain is the ratio of the output voltage of an amplifier to its input voltage.
