The parallel adder which we use in the digital circuits ,the carry output of each full adder stage is connected to the carry input of the next higher order stage.therefore,the sum and carry outputs of any stage cannot be produced until the input carry occurs;
This leads to a time delay in the addition process.This delay is known as carry propagation delay.
to the second question the propagation delay can be avoided in the binary parallel adder with the help of look ahead carry generator
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Propagation delay can be avoided in a parallel adder by using look-ahead carry logic, so that the state of each bit is not waiting on the prior bit's value, i.e. the adder is not operating in ripple-carry mode.
time delay
relatively large propagation delay.
Two half adders, an OR gate, and a delay.
Propagation Delay In digital logic, every gate has got some finite amount of delay because of which the change in the output is not instantaneous to the change in the input. In simple terms, the times it takes for an input to appear at the output is called the propagation delay. In Figure 6, tPHL, describes the time it takes for an input to cause the output to change from logic-level-high to logic-level-low. Similarly, tPLH, refers to the delay associated when an input change causes the output to change from logic-level-low to logic-level-high. The overall delay is average of these two delays.
The main criterion for the design of digital circuits is to simplify your circuit so you don't get to use so many circuit elements there by improving upon the propagation delay of the circuit in effect.