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Draw XOR using NAND gate?
Given two inputs, A and B. Use one NAND as an inverter (one source to both inputs) for A. Do the same for B. Use one NAND gate with inputs \A (not A, the output from the first gate) and B. Use one NAND gate with inputs A and \B. Use one last NAND gate with inputs coming from the two previous gates. Its output will behave like an XOR gate. Alternatively: Gates G1, G2, G3, G4, arrange in a diamond with G1 and G4 at the left and right vertices, A input along top edge, B input along bottom edge. G2 at top center, G3 at bottom center. A goes to G1 and G2, B goes to G1 and G3, G2 and G3 go to G4. Net list: A - G1i1 A - G2I1 B - G1i2 B - G3I2 G1o - G2i2 G1o - G3i1 G2o - G4i1 G3o - G4i2 G4o - A^B
The vector representation of a convolutional code is g1=[1 1]and g2=[1 0]. If the received sequence is 11 11 01 10, please use Viterbi Algorithm to decode it. Please show the full trellis diagram, including the updated trellis state metrics?
The vector representation of a convolutional code is g1=[1 1] and g2=[1 0]. If the received sequence is 11 11 01 10, we can use Viterbi Algorithm to decode it. The full trellis diagram, including the updated trellis state metrics, is shown below: Time t1: State 0 (00): Metric = 0 State 1 (10): Metric = 0 Time t2: State 0 (00): Metric = 0 + (1-1)^2 + (1-1)^2 = 0 State 1 (10): Metric = 0 + (1-1)^2 + (1-0)^2 = 1 Time t3: State 0 (00): Metric = 0 + (1-1)^2 + (1-1)^2 = 0 State 1 (10): Metric = 1 + (1-1)^2 + (1-0)^2 = 2 State 0 (01): Metric = 0 + (1-1)^2 + (0-1)^2 = 1 State 1 (11): Metric = 0 + (1-1)^2 + (0-0)^2 = 0 Time t4: State 0 (00): Metric = 0 + (1-1)^2 + (1-1)^2 = 0 State 1 (10): Metric = 2 + (1-1)^2 + (1-0)^2 = 3 State 0 (01): Metric = 1 + (1-1)^2 + (0-1)^2 = 2 State 1 (11): Metric = 0 + (1-1)^2 + (0-0)^2 = 0 Therefore, the decoded sequence is 11 11 01 10.
Together the G1 phase S phase and G2 phase are called?
interphase
What is a part of inter-phase?
g2 phase
Is G1 phase part of the interphase?
Yes, G1 phase is the first phase of interphase in the cell cycle. Interphase is composed of three phases: G1 phase, S phase (synthesis), and G2 phase.
What are parts of interphase?
The three main parts of interphase are G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase. During G1 phase, the cell grows and performs its normal functions. In S phase, the cell replicates its DNA. Finally, in G2 phase, the cell prepares for cell division.
Together, the G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase are called?
Together, the G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase are called the interphase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for cell division by growing, replicating DNA, and synthesizing proteins.
Which is a part of interphase A.Prophase B.G1 phase C.Telophase D.Cytokinesis?
B. G1 phase. Interphase consists of three main stages: G1 phase, S phase (synthesis), and G2 phase. Prophase, telophase, and cytokinesis are stages of mitosis.
Which phase occurs directly after G1?
g3
What does interphase consist of?
Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle and consists of three stages: G1 phase (cell growth), S phase (DNA replication), and G2 phase (preparation for cell division). During interphase, cells also carry out normal cellular functions and prepare for mitosis.
The time spent in G1 S and G2 periods of the cell cycle is called interphase?
That is correct. Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell spends the majority of its time growing and carrying out normal cellular functions. This phase includes G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2) phases before entering the M (Mitotic) phase.
How does a nucleus in G2 differ from a nucleus in G1?
In G2, the nucleus has completed DNA replication so it contains twice the amount of DNA compared to G1. Additionally, the nucleus in G2 is preparing for cell division and checking for any DNA damage before entering mitosis.
What do G1 and G2 represent?
G1 represents the first gap phase of the cell cycle where cells prepare for DNA replication. G2 represents the second gap phase where cells prepare for cell division.
Three substages of interphase?
G1 phase: the cell grows and carries out its normal functions. S phase: DNA replication occurs, ensuring that each new cell will have a complete set of genetic information. G2 phase: the cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division by synthesizing proteins needed for mitosis.
