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The answer can be varies depending on climate area, fluctuation of demand and the mode of solar panel connection.

For a general calculation with a stand alone solar panel on a moderate climate.

Assume

The 4 kW imply average 4 kW on 24 hr basis

Solar Cell efficiency = 10%

Solar irradiation = 6 hr/day at 1000 W/m2

Safety factor = 50% for panel deterioration + Fluctuation of demand

1) Calculate energy demand = 4 kW x 24 hr = 96 kWh

2) Calculate solar cell energy generation, 1 m2 of panel could harvest energy = 1 kW/m2 irradiation x 10%/100 solar eff x 6 hr/day

= 0.6 kWh/day.m2

3) Find the total area, Area = energy demand / energy per panel = 40 kWh/0.6 kWh/day.m2 = 66.7 m2 of solar panel

4) Adjust design for safety factor 50% = 66.7 m2 x 1.5 = 100 m2 of solar panel

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Q: How many solar panel for 4kW home?
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