Figure 3. (Adapted from Christison, 1998)
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In language teaching, a method refers to the approach or strategy used to convey language content to learners. Methods can include direct instruction, communicative language teaching, task-based learning, and more. Each method has its own principles, techniques, and activities to help learners acquire language skills.
The direct method of teaching emphasizes learning a new language through immersion and speaking in that language from the start, focusing on communication and everyday situations. In contrast, the translation method involves translating language components back and forth between the native language and the target language to aid understanding and learning. The direct method promotes language fluency and natural skill development, while the translation method can help with understanding grammar rules and vocabulary.
Both of these methods date back to the 17th century, and are used to teach foreign languages to students. The grammar translation method was used to teach languages such as Greek and Latin, but did not teach communication skills. The direct method focuses on teaching communication skills along with the language.
In language teaching, an approach refers to a set of principles and practices that guide how language learning should be facilitated. Different approaches, such as communicative approach or task-based approach, focus on specific goals and methods for teaching languages to learners. Approaches influence decisions about content, activities, and assessments in language classrooms.
Disadvantages of the direct method in teaching include limited focus on grammar rules, lack of opportunities for student interaction, and potential difficulty in catering to different learning styles and preferences. Additionally, it may not adequately prepare students for more formal, written communication or standardized tests.
The playway method of teaching involves using play and games as tools for education. It focuses on making learning fun and engaging for students by incorporating elements of play, creativity, and exploration into the educational process. This approach aims to stimulate children's curiosity, imagination, and natural desire to learn.