The network layer (internet Layer in TCP/IP model) is the second layer of the TCP/IP model. IP (Internet Protocol), ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) and IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) are the protocols at this layer.
http://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/internet-layer.htm
The purpose of the TCP/IP Network Access layer is to handle the physical transmission of data on the network, including addressing, routing, and flow control. It is responsible for converting data into signals for transmission and vice versa, ensuring that data is transmitted correctly between devices on the network.
Computers are physically connected by a variety of mediums, including "Wi-Fi," "Ethernet," and "fiber optics." The only requirement for these connections to physically exist is that each end of the connection must have a way to interface with the medium being used over a common physical protocol. For Wi-Fi, for example, both sides must be equipped with antennas and broadcasters capable of receiving and sending signals at the proper frequencies. The OSI network model refers to these connections as the "Physical Layer", the lowest level in the model. In all cases, both ends communicating at the Physical Layer level must be using the same medium and physical signalling characteristics.
The network layer protocol of TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is typically UDP (User Datagram Protocol). UDP is used for its simplicity and low overhead, making it well-suited for simple and fast file transfers.
An artificial neural network is a structure which will attempt to find a relationship i.e. a function between the inputs, and the provided output(s), in order that when the net be provided with unseen inputs, and according with the recorded internal data (named "weights"), will try to find a correct answer for the new inputs. Hidden Markov models, are used for find the states for which a given stochastic process went through. The main difference could be this: In order to use a markov chain, the process must depend only in it´s last state. For use a neural network, you need a lot of past data. After training process, neural networks are capable of predicting next states of the system based only on the last state. In addition, given the ability to measure the prediction error (for example, after actual event, signal or state has happend and was compared to prediction), the neural network is capable of adapting itself and capture online changes in the undergoing process to improve the model of prediction and decrease the estimation error for the next states. Theoretically such approach can eliminate the need in initial training, as the network started from some random model will eventually adapt itself to the actual process it tries to estimate given this feedback error loop and will start to make correct estimations / predictions after a certain amount of steps. In such setup one can assume that neural network can be used when no past data is available at all. In this case neural network build the model of the ongoing process "from scratch" based on the observations in the "online" mode.
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a standard description or "reference model" for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in a telecommunication network. Its purpose is to guide product implementors so that their products will consistently work with other products. The reference model defines seven layers of functions that take place at each end of a communication. Although OSI is not always strictly adhered to in terms of keeping related functions together in a well-defined layer, many if not most products involved in telecommunication make an attempt to describe themselves in relation to the OSI model. It is also valuable as a single reference view of communication that furnishes everyone a common ground for education and discussion.
What is the purpose of the TCP/IP Network Access layer
Only the Network Layer (Layer 3) portion of the datagram is used by the Network Layer (Layer 3) portion of the TCP/IP Model. The network portion of the datagram includes IP Addressing information, and things such as TTL (Time to Live), and Datagram Priority markings.
The network access layer equivalent to the physical and data link layers of the osi model. basically this layer defines how data is physically sent through the network. There are several OSI and TCP/IP model video tutorials online.
The IP address of course! Think about it. It's on the network layer, It is unique, and it's assigned to every device on the internet!
INTERNET
Primarily at layer 1 and 2. The frame adds this information for these layers.
fer'abd;lb,b,teabfd
In the TCP IP model, routers belong in layer 3. This is a common model used in setting up information technology systems.
internet
Networking layer of the OSI model
In the OSI reference model, that would be layer 3 (network).In the OSI reference model, that would be layer 3 (network).In the OSI reference model, that would be layer 3 (network).In the OSI reference model, that would be layer 3 (network).
Router works in Network Layer of OSI model