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Characteristics of Research DesignGenerally a good research design minimizes bias and maximizes the reliability of the data collected and analyzed. The design which gives the smallest experimental error is reported to be the best design in scientific investigation. Similarly, a design which yields maximum information and provides a opportunity for considering different aspects of a problem is considered to be the most appropriate efficient design . Thus the question of a good design is related to the purpose or objective of the research problem and also with the nature of the problem to be studied. A good research design should satisfy the following four conditions namely objectivity, reliability, validity and generalization of the findings.

1. Objectivity: It refers to the findings related to the method of data collection and scoring of the responses. The research design should permit the measuring instrument which are fairly objective in which every observer or judge scoring the performance must precisely give the same report. In other words, the objectivity of the procedure may be judged by the degree of agreement between the final scores assigned to different individuals by more than one independent observer. This ensures the objectivity of the collected data which shall be capable of analysis and drawing generalizations.

2. Reliability: Reliability refers to consistency through out a series of measurements. For eg: if a respondent gives out a response to a particular item, he is expected to give the same response to that item even if he is asked repeatedly. If he is changing his response to the same item, the consistency will be lost. So the researcher should frame the items in a questionnaire in such a way that it provides consistency or reliability.

3. Validity: Any measuring device or instrument is said to be valid when it measures what it is expected to measure. For eg: an intelligence test concucted for measuring the I.Q should measure only the intelligence and nothing else, and the questionnaire shall be framed accordingly.

4. Generalizability: It means how best the data collected from the samples can be utilized for drawing certain generalisations applicable to a large group from which sample is drawn. Thus a research design helps an investigator to generalize his findings provided he has taken due care in defining the population, selecting the sample, deriving appropriate statistical analysis etc. while preparing the research design. Thus a good research design is one which is methodologically prepared and should ensure that:

a) The measuring instrument can yield objective, reliable and valid data.

b) The population is clearly defined.

c) Most appropriate techniques of sample selection is used to form an appropriate sample.

d) Appropriate statical analysis has been carried out, and

e) The findings of the study is capable of generalisations.

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What is a Research Design?

Triangular research designTriangular stands for 3 (or more) research techniques that you use for 1 single research question. When you have the results of the different research techniques, you compare them. And use all this for your conclusions. Stated & revealed preferences can be something that will differ.


How can you format a research design?

To format a research design, include sections like introduction, background, research questions, methodology, data analysis, and expected outcomes. Use headings and subheadings to clearly delineate each section. Ensure that the format follows any specific guidelines provided by the institution or publication you are submitting the research design to.


What is the research design phase of business research?

Research design requires that researchers transform the research concepts into operational, or measurable, terms by selecting an appropriate research method; determining the population of the study;and developing an instrument for measuring the variables.


What is the difference between research design and methodology?

Research design refers to the overall plan that outlines how a research study will be conducted, including the approach, procedures, and data collection methods. Methodology, on the other hand, refers to the theoretical framework or process used to conduct research, outlining the specific techniques and tools that will be used to gather and analyze data. In summary, research design is the blueprint of the study, while methodology is the strategy for executing that blueprint.


What is the research design?

A research design is a detailed structure of how an investigation or a research would take place. A research design gives direction to a research because it includes how a data should be gathered, what particular instruments will be used for the study and how these instruments should be interpreted.

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