. Explain 3 NF using suitable examples.
Sure!
1NF (First Normal Form): Each column in a table should hold atomic values (values that cannot be divided further), and each row should be unique.
2NF (Second Normal Form): Every non-key attribute must be fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, meaning no partial dependencies are allowed.
3NF (Third Normal Form): In addition to 2NF rules, no transitive dependencies should exist, meaning that non-key attributes should not depend on other non-key attributes.
A relation may be in 2NF if 1. it is in 1NF & 2. Every non prime attribute functional dependent on primary attribute
A table is in 2NF when it is in 1NF and it includes no partial dependencies. However a table in 2NF may still have transitive dependencies, i.e., dependencies based on attributes that are not part of the primary key.
the three forms of database are in normalization called 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF
BCNF, 3NF, 2NF, 1NF Non First Normal Form Both
Define normalization explain the conditions under which a relation need to be normalized to 2nf and 3nf with the help of an example ?
First Normal Form Disadvantages:It cannot support multi valued attributes.It does not suffer from redundancy and having no limit to placed on a number of values
First normal form (1NF) sets the very basic rules for an organized database: * Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table. * Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a unique column or set of columns (the primary key). Second normal form (2NF) further addresses the concept of removing duplicative data: * Meet all the requirements of the first normal form. * Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table and place them in separate tables. * Create relationships between these new tables and their predecessors through the use of foreign keys. Third normal form (3NF) goes one large step further: * Meet all the requirements of the second normal form. * Remove columns that are not dependent upon the primary key. Finally, fourth normal form (4NF) has one additional requirement: * Meet all the requirements of the third normal form. * A relation is in 4NF if it has no multi-valued dependencies. Remember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 2NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 1NF database.
A well designed database will be normalized to the third normal form (3NF). The normal forms that are generally required to have a well designed database are First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). 1NF states that each table has no dependency on top-to-bottom record ordering, left-to-right column ordering, no duplicate rows, and each column/row intersection contains exactly one value. For example, a column "Customer Name" is a bad idea; instead, consider "First Name" and "Last Name", since those are individual elements of a customer's full name. 2NF adds to 1NF by stating that each non-key column depends on the entire concatenated key (if the key is a composite primary key). For example, the description of an item would not belong in a table that stores items that were ordered; instead, it should be on the item table itself. Finally, 3NF builds upon 2NF (and thus 1NF) by stating that data should not depend on a non-key attribute. For example, the customer's name should not appear in an order invoice table; the correct way to store this data would be in a customer table, with the order invoice table containing a reference to the customer table. There are further forms (see any popular search engine for details), but those are generally considered more academic than practical in nature. In most cases, a database that fully conforms to 3NF will likely satisfy 4NF, 5NF, and 6NF, although there is no specific guarantee of that.
Second normal form (2NF) in DBMS states that a table is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and all attributes that are not part of the primary key are fully functionally dependent on the whole primary key. This means that each non-key attribute is fully dependent on the primary key, and not on a subset of the key.
the inventor of the relational model, introduced the concept of normalization and what we now know as the First Normal Form (1NF) in 1970.[1] Codd went on to define the Second Normal Form (2NF) and Third Normal Form (3NF) in 1971,[2] and Codd and Raymond F. Boyce defined the Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) in 1974.[3] Informally, a relational database table is often described as "normalized" if it is in the Third Normal Form.[4] Most 3NF tables are free of insertion, update, and deletion anomalies.
1303 in 2001The resident population of Llangadog, as measured in the 2001 Census, was 1951 of which 49% were male and 51% were female.http://piurl.com/2Nf
I believe the Lawley Extension is situated in England,see address below for the Telford Steam Railway:The Old Loco ShedBridge RoadHorsehayTelfordShropshireTF4 2NF