A theory is a well-supported explanation for a phenomenon based on evidence and repeated testing. It is a broader concept that integrates various hypotheses into a coherent framework. In contrast, a hypothesis is a specific testable prediction or idea that is proposed to explain a particular phenomenon and can be tested through experimentation or observation.
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Normative deductive approach starts with a theory and uses deduction to derive hypotheses, while inductive approach starts with observations and uses induction to formulate a theory. The deductive approach is useful when researchers have a strong theoretical foundation and want to test specific hypotheses, while the inductive approach is useful when exploring new areas where little theory exists. The usefulness of each approach depends on the research question and context.
A data-driven hypothesis is generated based on patterns observed in the data without pre-existing theoretical expectations, while a theory-driven hypothesis is generated based on existing theories or prior knowledge. Data-driven hypotheses are more exploratory and can lead to the development of new theories, while theory-driven hypotheses are more focused and aim to test specific theoretical predictions.
Relevant theory refers to theoretical frameworks or concepts that directly apply to the subject or problem being studied. It helps researchers make sense of data, develop hypotheses, and guide analysis or interpretation. Using relevant theory can provide a foundation for understanding phenomena and informing practical applications.
Theory construction is the process of developing a systematic framework to explain and understand a particular phenomenon. It involves synthesizing existing knowledge, generating hypotheses, and providing insights into the relationships and patterns that exist within the phenomenon. The goal of theory construction is to create a comprehensive and testable explanation that can guide future research and understanding.
it started scientific thought about the structure of the atom