A bachelor's degree in chemistry, or in a related discipline together with a significant background in chemistry, usually is required for entry-level chemist jobs. Although some materials scientists hold a degree in materials science, these scientists also commonly have a degree in chemistry, physics, or electrical engineering. Most research jobs in chemistry and materials science require a master's degree or, more frequently, a Ph.D.
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If you have aptitude and keep your nose to the grindstone, you ought to be able to finish a B.S. degree in 4 years that will give you standing as a chemist. If by "chemist" you mean, what we in the U.S. call "pharmacist", you'll still need about 4 years.
Assuming a normal, full-time student load, it would take a minimum of 4 years, but more likely 6 years, depending on state and local requirements of where you want to teach.