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Yes, they can occur at the same time.

Evaporation is the process whereby the molecules of the liquid which possess enough kinetic energy (KE) escape from the liquid.

Condensation is the process whereby the molecules of the vapour which possess too little KE, thus return to the liquid.

While there are molecules that possess enough KE to be vapour, there can also be vapour molecules that possess too little KE to be vapour (for example: Clouds). The two kinds of molecules can co-exist.

Thus, evaporation and condensation can occur at the same time.

When the rate of evaporation is greater than the rate of condensation, there is a net decrease in the amount of molecules in the liquid, and vice versa.

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Q: Can evaporation and condensation occur at the same time?
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The process of evaporation(boiling) and condensation at the same time (simultaneously) to get pure liquid from a solution is known as Distillation.


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