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---- = crisis of capitalism = (19th century- ) Prediction in Marxism of the collapse of capitalism. A species of catastrophe theory, envisaging that the inherent contradictions of the capitalist system will lead, through political conflict, to the collapse or overthrow of capitalism. Twentieth century versions of this theory see the crisis of capitalism as being a legitimacy crisis rather than a simple economic or political one ---- = crisis of capitalism = (19th century- ) Prediction in Marxism of the collapse of capitalism. A species of catastrophe theory, envisaging that the inherent contradictions of the capitalist system will lead, through political conflict, to the collapse or overthrow of capitalism. Twentieth century versions of this theory see the crisis of capitalism as being a legitimacy crisis rather than a simple economic or political one
Marx would not have changed very much in Capital had he somehow known exactly what would happen in the future, his work on political economy is probably even more relevant now than it was in the mid-late 1800's.
Marx's argument against capitalism is that it resulted in the creation of a class struggle between the owners and controllers of the means of production in society (the Bourgeoisie) and the mass of common laborers (the Proletariat) who were oppressed and exploited by the Bourgeoisie. Capitalism is designed to extract as much surplus value from the labor of the workers (profits) as it possibly can. In order to maximize profits capitalists force the Proletariat to work to a point where their lives, health and ability to enjoy life in general deteriorates.
Karl Marx believed that capitalism through industrialization had increased the productive capability of the world's economy far beyond that ever witnessed before. Nevertheless, he also felt that capitalism created two competing classes of people. One, was the bourgeoisie who owned and controlled the means of production and hired wage laborers. The other was the proletariat, who were common workers who owned nothing but the right to sell their own labor. Capitalism's very nature would ensure that eventually, these classes would struggle against one another to the point where the class of workers would get large enough and oppressed enough that it would overthrow the bourgeoisie, seize the means of production from it and end the economic system known as capitalism. The system of socialism would be ushered in and gradually evolve into pure communism.
== == Capitalism has, and has had, many supporters and had no founder because it developed gradually and naturally as the feudal arrangements of the Middle Ages gave way. You may be thinking though of Adam Smith whose book, "The Wealth of Nations", published in 1776, gave the first and most important analysis of the principles on which it is based. Economists still study it to this day.