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Labour market failure occurs when the labour market forces of supply (SL) and demand (DL) fail to result in an economic efficiency of labour i.e. both allocative and productive efficiency are achieved. Examples of labour market failure occurring include:

A shortage of labour due to skills shortages , geographical or occupational immobility or imperfect information. This would be represented graphically by the SL curve being shifted to the left of the equilibrium position.

A disequilibrium due to the wage rate being above or bellow the equilibrium rate.

Abuse of market power by a monopsonist employer.

Abuse of market power by a monopolist supplier of labour e.g. A trade union.

Government intervention, whilst trying to address the market failure can sometimes cause more problems than it solves. A good example of this is the setting of a minimum wage which could push the wage rate above the equilibrium, causing unemployment.

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Q: What is labor market failure?
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