The administrative lag.
the federal open market committee can act almost immediately
Inside lag is the time to implement (pass) a policy, while outside lag is the time it needs to take effect.
# Political Issues # Lag Time # Lack of Coordination # Unintended Consequences
Both fiscal and monetary policy can affect real GDP, due to time-lag in wage and price adjustments. In general, however, fiscal policy has a much more direct effect on real GDP.
inside lag
The administrative lag.
the federal open market committee can act almost immediately
Inside lag is the time to implement (pass) a policy, while outside lag is the time it needs to take effect.
# Political Issues # Lag Time # Lack of Coordination # Unintended Consequences
Both fiscal and monetary policy can affect real GDP, due to time-lag in wage and price adjustments. In general, however, fiscal policy has a much more direct effect on real GDP.
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Benjamin M. Friedman has written: 'Structural models of interest rate determination and portfolio behaviour in the corporate and government bond markets' 'Changing effects of monetary policy on real economic activity' -- subject(s): Debt, Economic conditions, Evaluation, Foreign exchange, Monetary policy, Mortgages 'The Changing Roles of Debt and Equity in Financing U.S. Capital Formation' 'Optimal stabilization policy in the context of a linearized model with endogenous timehorizon' 'Time-varying risk perceptions and the pricing of risky assets' -- subject(s): Assets (Accounting), Econometric models, Prices, Risk 'Even the St. Louis Model now believes in fiscal policy' 'Implications of increasing corporate indebtedness for monetary policy' -- subject(s): Corporate debt, Monetary policy 'Another look at the evidence on money-income causality' -- subject(s): Income, Mathematical models, Money supply 'The LM curve' -- subject(s): IS-LM model (Macroeconomics), Macroeconomics 'What remains from the Volcker experiment?' -- subject(s): Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), Monetary policy 'Does monetary policy affect real economic activity?' -- subject(s): Monetary policy 'The Greenspan era' -- subject(s): Evaluation, Monetary policy 'Economic stabilization policy' -- subject(s): Economic stabilization, Mathematical models, Mathematical optimization 'Public disclosure and domestic monetory policy' 'Substitution and expectation effects on long-term borrowing behavior and long-term interestrates' 'The Changing Roles of Debt and Equity in Financing U.S. Capital Formation' -- subject(s): OverDrive, Business, Nonfiction 'Implications of corporate indebtedness for monetary policy' -- subject(s): Corporate debt, Economic conditions, Inflation (Finance), Monetary policy 'Identifying identical distributed lag structures by the use of prior sum constraints' 'Increasing Indebtedness and Financial Stability in the United States (Working Papers No. 2072)' 'Bank capital' 'Targets and instruments of monetary policy' -- subject(s): Central Banks and banking, Mathematical models, Monetary policy
1. There exist a Non-Monetized SectorIn many developing countries, there is an existence of non-monetized economy in large extent. People live in rural areas where many of the transactions are of the barter type and not monetary type. Similarly, due to non-monetized sector the progress of commercial banks is not up to the mark. This creates a major bottleneck in the implementation of the monetary policy.2. Excess Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFI)As the economy launch itself into a higher orbit of economic growth and development, the financial sector comes up with great speed. As a result many Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs) come up. These NBFIs also provide credit in the economy. However, the NBFIs do not come under the purview of a monetary policy and thus nullify the effect of a monetary policy.3. Existence of Unorganized Financial MarketsThe financial markets help in implementing the monetary policy. In many developing countries the financial markets especially the money markets are of an unorganized nature and in backward conditions. In many places people like money lenders, traders, and businessman actively take part in money lending. But unfortunately they do not come under the purview of a monetary policy and creates hurdle in the success of a monetary policy.4. Higher Liquidity Hinders Monetary PolicyIn rapidly growing economy the deposit base of many commercial banks is expanded. This creates excess liquidity in the system. Under this circumstances even if the monetary policy increases the CRR or SLR, it dose not deter commercial banks from credit creation. So the existence of excess liquidity due to high deposit base is a hindrance in the way of successful monetary policy.5. Money Not Appearing in an EconomyLarge percentage of money never come in the mainstream economy. Rich people, traders, businessmen and other people prefer to spend rather than to deposit money in the bank. This shadow money is used for buying precious metals like gold, silver, ornaments, land and in speculation. This type of lavish spending give rise to inflationary trend in mainstream economy and the monetary policy fails to control it.6. Time Lag Affects Success of Monetary PolicyThe success of the monetary policy depends on timely implementation of it. However, in many cases unnecessary delay is found in implementation of the monetary policy. Or many times timely directives are not issued by the central bank, then the impact of the monetary policy is wiped out.6. Monetary & Fiscal Policy Lacks CoordinationIn order to attain a maximum of the above objectives it is unnecessary that both the fiscal and monetary policies should go hand in hand. As both these policies are prepared and implemented by two different authorities, there is a possibility of non-coordination between these two policies. This can harm the interest of the overall economic policy.These are major obstacles in implementation of monetary policy. If these factors are controlled or kept within limit, then the monetary policy can give expected results. Thus though the monetary policy suffers from these limitations, still it has an immense significance in influencing the process of economic growth and development.
The delay in transfer of thermal energy from outside to inside is called thermal lag or time lag. This phenomenon occurs due to the time it takes for heat to transfer through materials such as walls, floors, or roofs.
The impact of an event happening at a distance takes some time to reach the observer. This is the lag time and, as the distance increases, the lag time increases. The increase depends on the velocity of transmission of the information. For example, the lag time for a flash of lightning depends on the speed of light; the lag time for the clap of thunder depends on the speed of sound; the lag time for the person that the lightning bolt missed depends on how fast they can run to you.
Such indicators are found within scorecards where lead are short-term which affect lag long-term Example: training is lead indicator and service excellence resulted from good training is a lag indicator Best of luck