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What is price skimming?
Price skimming is pricing policy by the producer to sell his product with initially for high price and then at decreasing rate over the time.
Strongest tool of expansionary fiscal policy?
More public expenditure
What do you mean by pricing policy?
A detailed study of the market structure gives us information about the way in which prices are determined under different market conditions. However, in reality, a firm adopts different policies and methods to fix the price of its products. Pricing policy refers to the policy of setting the price of the product or products and services by the management after taking into account of various internal and external factors, forces and its own business objectives. Pricing Policy basically depends on price theory that is the corner stone of economic theory. Pricing is considered as one of the basic and central problems of economic theory in a modern economy. Fixing prices are the most important aspect of managerial decision making because market price charged by the company affects the present and future production plans, pattern of distribution, nature of marketing etc.
How does elasticity affect a companys pricing policy?
If demand is elastic at the current price, the company knows that an increase in price would reduce total revenues.
What is full cost pricing and how does it work?
The cost pricing is the theory that the price of an object is determined by the sum of the cost of the resources that went into making it. The cost can compose any of the factors of production(including labour, capital, or land) and taxation. FULL COST PRICINGFull cost pricing is a practice where the price of a product is calculated by a firm on the basis of its direct costs per unit of output plus a markup to cover overhead costs and profits. The overhead costs are generally calculated assuming less than full capacity operation of a plant in order to allow for fluctuating levels of production and costs. GUIDING PRINCIPLE The guiding principle underlying the FCP Policy is that a government business should not enjoy any net competitive advantage (or disadvantage) in respect of its private sector counterparts simply because of its public sector ownership. That is, the policy aims to achieve competitive neutrality between public and private sector businesses. Application of this principle requires the removal of the special advantages and disadvantages resulting from government ownership so that any edge in competition should result solely from superior management and operational factors. Where cost comparisons with private sector organizations are required, it is essential that those comparisons be on a similar basis and be credible. Otherwise, competition may be undermined leading to distortions in market efficiency. Under the FCP Policy, the principle of competitive neutrality is met by ensuring that prices charged by Significant Business Activities (SBA) reflect a similar cost structure to that faced by a private sector competitor so that it is subject to the same pressures from competition as its private sector equivalents. While this aim is best achieved by ensuring that prices, in all situations where an SBA is competing, are based on the full cost of supplying a product, the policy does allow sufficient flexibility for SBA's to price in a competitive manner according to market conditions. For example, the policy permits the setting of "loss-leader" prices provided that a prescribed rate of return is achieved in the medium term. Where a SBA enjoys special privileges or advantages (arising from its public ownership) over the private sector, a compensating upward revision of SBA costs would be appropriate to ensure a 'level playing field' is maintained. IMPLEMENTING FULL COST PRICING This section focuses on the practical considerations of implementing full cost pricing. •The concepts of costing and pricing; •Components of a full cost price and how they are valued; •Treatment of community service obligations; •Structural reforms required; and •Reporting and compliance measures. DISTINCTION BETWEEN COSTING AND PRICING It is important to distinguish between the terms 'costing' and 'pricing' as they are quite different notions. Costing involves determining the value of resources consumed in the production of goods or the provision of a service. Costing's role in pricing is to act as a benchmark against which pricing and production decisions can be made. Pricing refers to the process of determining a figure at which products or services will be exchanged in the marketplace. The focus on pricing is on the income received from the exchange of the good or service. While cost is an important consideration in pricing, optimal pricing policies will also fully reflect additional market and competitive considerations as well as the need to achieve a rate of return on equity invested. Thus, in a competitive market, pricing is not independent of other suppliers and the value that consumers place on products. This should ensure that there are price disciplines on significant business activities s which will not allow pricing to be determined solely on a "cost plus" basis. The FCP Policy uses full cost to establish the cost benchmark for pricing decisions. However, the policy recognizes that significant business activities s operates in a commercial environment and, therefore, does not prevent the use of marginal cost or avoidable cost for specific pricing decisions if appropriate but this must be with the established benchmark and must be consistent with achieving the required rate of return. The use of techniques such as 'Activity Based Costing' is permitted by the Policy where such a system ensures that all costs (both direct and indirect) are fully allocated to cost pools and then to specific goods or services. By: Shafaq Chohan
What has the author Gardiner Coit Means written?
Gardiner Coit Means has written: 'The heterodox economics of Gardiner C. Means' -- subject(s): Economics 'Administrative inflation and public policy' -- subject(s): Economic policy, Inflation (Finance) 'Pricing power & the public interest' -- subject(s): Steel, Prices, Pricing, Price policy
What has the author Michael Gordon Webb written?
Michael Gordon Webb has written: 'The economics of energy' -- subject(s): Economic policy, Energy policy, Power resources 'Pricing policies for public enterprises' -- subject(s): Government business enterprises, Pricing
What would you expect from a supermarket pricing policy?
From a supermarket pricing policy, one would expect transparency in pricing, consistent pricing across different locations, competitive pricing strategies to attract customers, and adherence to legal regulations regarding pricing and promotions.
Which pricing policy adopted by Nike in south African country?
Which pricing policy adopted by nike in south African country?"
What is the pricing policy on cakes?
about $6.00
Stages of public policy process?
1. Genesis of the public policy 2. Development of the Public Policy 3. Implementation of the public policy 4. Feedback on the public policy
What has the author Geeta Gouri written?
Geeta Gouri has written: 'Pricing for welfare' -- subject(s): Government policy, Petroleum products, Prices 'Privatization and Public Enterprise'
Why public policy formulation and implementation is or should on be performed by public administration?
answer public policy formulation and policy implementation
How do you use a sentence using public policy?
There is public policy in every state
What is Heineken pricing strategy?
Globally, Heineken utilizes the premium pricing policy. This is effective as the Heineken brand is unique to that of competitors.
Explain Significance and scope of public policy?
significant of public policy
What is the antonym and synonym for public policy?
common rules=public policy?
