what are the strengths and weakness of modernization theory
weaknesses power efficiency who gains? rational choice theory rent-seeking behavior examples failure in Latin America; India; japan in 1990
A gain contingency is where a gain will incur if certain future events incur or not occur while loss contingency is the posting of a future loss that may result from some event or happening
When buying a house it is always wise to have a contingency fund in order to deal with unexpected expenses.
During 1970s, the United States of America was suffering unprecedented social, economic and political instability, with the great impact posed on western society by the crisis of oil, and the changing environment all the industries were facing. Previous management theories, such as scientific management theory, science of behaviour management theory and so on, only focused on how to improve enterprises' internal organizational structure. Furthermore, what the vast majority of these theories pursued were models and principals of universal suitability and the best solution to the unstable environment. Unfortunately none of these theories worked. As a result, people no longer believed that there would be any certain theory that could provide the best solution. Instead, they must use different methods under the changing conditions. In 1973, there was a new theory carrying, called contingency theory. In contingency theory, Jay Galbraith (1973) stated that there is no one best way to organize; any way of organizing is not equally effective. Whatever the way, in which organizations construct their organizational structure, it is dependent upon the following four contingency variables: technology, size, degree of environment and the organizations' strategy. This essay is focus on how the four contingency variables influence organization's structure. The more contingency variables confronted by an organization, the more differentiated its structure needs to be. An organizational structure is a formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated (Robbins, et al., 2003). The top managers of the organizations spend most of efforts to design the organization structure, in order to approach their objectives. To design the organizational structure, it involves six key elements, such as: work specialization, departmentalization, chain-of-command, span of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization (Robbins, et al., 2003). The right organizational structure would allow their...
weakness of contingency and system theory
What is the meaning of contingency leadership in relation to Human Resource Management
system management chaos theory freedom-based management theory contingency theory
system management chaos theory freedom-based management theory contingency theory
Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner proposed the contingency theory for classical conditioning. This theory suggests that learning occurs when there is a predictive relationship between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
system management chaos theory freedom-based management theory contingency theory
System theory focuses on the interrelationships and interactions between various components within an organization, emphasizing the whole system as more than just the sum of its parts. Contingency theory, on the other hand, emphasizes that there is no one best way to manage an organization and that the most effective management structure and strategies depend on the specific context or situation.
what are the strengths and weakness of modernization theory
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It is the theory that there is not a one-size-fits-all leadership strategy, meaning that effective leadership is contextual.
It is the theory that there is not a one-size-fits-all leadership strategy, meaning that effective leadership is contextual.
Leaders need to have a contingency plan in case the original plan of action fails. This is also known as a back up plan.