They are downward in the sense that the second derivative is negative. This means that there are diminishing costs with production. This usually occurs due to economics of scale which lower the AFC and MC as more units are produced. Generally, as quantity approaches infinity, fixed cost/units produced approaches 0.
leftward
the moe elastic the supply curve
A change in supply (a shift in the supply curve) occurs whenever some factor that affects the supply of the good, other than its price, changes. Such variables include:1. Prices of productive resources. A rise (fall) in the prices of resources shifts the supply curve leftward (rightward).2. An increase in technology shifts the supply curve rightward.3. An increase (decrease) in the number of suppliersshifts the supply curve rightward (leftward).4. Prices of other goods produced, which have two possible relationships:a) When the price of a substitute in production rises (falls), the supply curve for the good shifts leftward (rightward).b) A rise (fall) in the price of a complement in production shifts the supply curve rightward (leftward).5. If the expected future price of the product rises (falls), the supply curve in the present period shifts leftward (rightward).A change in supply also affects the price and quantity of the product.1. An increase in supply (a shift rightward of the supply curve) causes the price to fall and the quantity to increase.2. A decrease in supply (a shift leftward in the supply curve) causes the price to rise and the quantity to decrease
A leftward shift in the supply curve would mean that some outside (Macro-economic) or inside (Micro-economic) event occurred that caused the supplier of the good to not be willing to make as many at a lower price. The price of the good/service will increase. The new price will be at the new (higher) intersect of the supply and demand curves (equilibrium).
a change in amount of goods available
leftward
the moe elastic the supply curve
A change in supply (a shift in the supply curve) occurs whenever some factor that affects the supply of the good, other than its price, changes. Such variables include:1. Prices of productive resources. A rise (fall) in the prices of resources shifts the supply curve leftward (rightward).2. An increase in technology shifts the supply curve rightward.3. An increase (decrease) in the number of suppliersshifts the supply curve rightward (leftward).4. Prices of other goods produced, which have two possible relationships:a) When the price of a substitute in production rises (falls), the supply curve for the good shifts leftward (rightward).b) A rise (fall) in the price of a complement in production shifts the supply curve rightward (leftward).5. If the expected future price of the product rises (falls), the supply curve in the present period shifts leftward (rightward).A change in supply also affects the price and quantity of the product.1. An increase in supply (a shift rightward of the supply curve) causes the price to fall and the quantity to increase.2. A decrease in supply (a shift leftward in the supply curve) causes the price to rise and the quantity to decrease
A leftward shift in the supply curve would mean that some outside (Macro-economic) or inside (Micro-economic) event occurred that caused the supplier of the good to not be willing to make as many at a lower price. The price of the good/service will increase. The new price will be at the new (higher) intersect of the supply and demand curves (equilibrium).
a change in amount of goods available
it will shift the supply curve to the right
just lead to a shift in the supply curve.
Changes in a producer's technology can lead to a SHIFT in the supply curve.
A rightward shift is an increase in supply.
An increase in labor cost will decrease supply, so the supply curve will shift left.
the factors that cause the demand curve for bonds to shift are: increase/decrease in inflation rate increase/decrease of common stock increase/decrease of stock prices useful table :
The three characteristics of a supply curve are the slope, shift, and the curve's position. Together they help determine supply and demand trends.