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When a State planned economy transitions toward a free market economy they engage in privatization of resources. For privatization to be successful what must the State also do?
When a State planned economy transitions toward a free market economy they engage in privatization of resources. For privatization to be successful what must the State also do?
Which element of the career development planning process is related to the changes expected in knowledge and skills en route to a career goal?
transitions
What is economic transition?
Economic transition means the process of transitioning of countries from different economic systems. There are basicly 3 main types of economic systems. They are free market, command planned, and mixed economy. (Different books and academics may have different terms for these. What is important is the understanding of the differences). For example, economic transition refers to one country evolving from one economic system to another. It can be said that Country A is moving from command planned to free market. What is interesting about Economic Transitions are the issues faced by the country. There can be many issues like corruption, poverty, social unrest and so on.
What is a developing nation switching from government to individual ownership of industry?
When a developing nation transitions from government ownership of industry to individual or private ownership, it's often referred to as privatization. Here’s a breakdown of what this entails: Privatization Definition: Privatization is the process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, or public service from the government to private individuals or organizations. Goals: The primary goals are often to increase efficiency, foster competition, and improve service quality by leveraging the efficiencies of the private sector. Methods: This can be achieved through various methods, including: Selling state-owned enterprises: Direct sale of government-owned companies to private entities. Public offerings: Selling shares of state-owned companies on the stock market. Leasing: Allowing private companies to lease and operate government-owned assets. Contracting out: Outsourcing government functions to private companies. Impact on Developing Nations Economic Growth: Privatization can stimulate economic growth by encouraging investment, improving efficiency, and fostering innovation. Challenges: It may also present challenges, such as potential job losses, reduced public control, and the need to ensure that the privatization process is fair and transparent. Regulation: Effective regulation is crucial to prevent monopolies, ensure fair competition, and protect consumers. Examples Chile: In the late 20th century, Chile implemented extensive privatization of state-owned industries under the leadership of Augusto Pinochet. Eastern European Countries: After the fall of the Soviet Union, many Eastern European countries privatized state-owned industries to transition from centrally planned economies to market economies. This shift can significantly impact the country's economy and industry landscape, leading to greater private sector involvement in the national economy.
Describe and critically analyze Rostows theory of growth?
The Rostovian take-off model (also called "Rostow's Stages of Growth") is one of the major historical models of economic growth. It was developed by W. W. Rostow. The model postulates that economic modernization occurs in five basic stages, of varying length. # Traditional society # Preconditions for take-off # Take-off # Drive to maturity # Age of High mass consumption Rostow asserts that countries go through each of these stages fairly linearly, and set out a number of conditions that were likely to occur in investment, consumption and social trends at each state. Not all of the conditions were certain to occur at each stage, however, and the stages and transitions periods may occur at varying lengths from country to country, and even from region to region. Rostow's model is one of the more structuralist models of economic growth, particularly in comparison with the 'backwardness' model developed by Alexander Gerschenkron. The two models are not necessarily mutually exclusive, however, and many countries seem to follow both models rather adequately. Beyond the structured picture of growth itself, another important part of the model is that economic take-off must initially be led by a few individual sectors. This belief echoes David Ricardo's comparative advantage thesis and criticizes Marxist revolutionaries push for economic self-reliance in that it pushes for the 'initial' development of only one or two sectors over the development of all sectors equally. This became one of the important concepts in the theory of modernization in the social evolutionism. Theoretical FrameworkRostow's model is descendent from the liberal school of economics, emphasizing the efficacy of modern concepts of free trade and the ideas of Adam Smith. It also denies Friedrich List's argument that countries reliant on exporting raw materials may get "locked in", and be unable to diversify, in that Rostow's model states that countries may need to depend on a few raw material exports to finance the development of manufacturing sectors which are not yet of superior competitiveness in the early stages of take-off. In that way, Rostow's model does not deny John Maynard Keynes in that it allows for a degree of government control over domestic development not generally accepted by some ardent free trade advocates. Although empirical at times, Rostow is hardly free of normative discourse. As a basic assumption, Rostow believes that countries want to modernize as he describes modernization, and that the society will ascent to the materialistic norms of economic growth. Traditional societies are marked by their pre-Newtonian understanding and use of technology. These are societies which have pre-scientific understandings of gadgets, and believe that gods or spirits facilitate the procurement of goods, rather than man and his own ingenuity. The norms of economic growth are completely absent from these societies. The preconditions to take-off are, to Rostow, that the society begins committing itself to secular education, that it enables a degree of capital mobilization, especially through the establishment of banks and currency, that an entrepreneurial class form, and that the secular concept of manufacturing develops, with only a few sectors developing at this point. This leads to a take off in ten to fifty years. At this stage, there is a limited production function, and therefore a limited output. There are limited economic techniques available and these restrictions create a limit to what can be produced. Take-off then occurs when sector led growth becomes common and society is driven more by economic processes than traditions. At this point, the norms of economic growth are well established. In discussing the take-off, Rostow's is a noted early adopter of the term "transition", which is to describe the passage of a traditional to a modern economy. After take-off, a country will take as long as fifty to one hundred years to reach maturity. The drive to maturity refers to the need for the economy itself to diversify. The sectors of the economy which lead initially begin to level off, while other sectors begin to take off. This diversity leads to greatly reduced rates of poverty and rising standards of living, as the society no longer needs to sacrifice its comfort in order to strengthen certain sectors. The age of high mass consumption refers to the period of contemporary comfort afforded many western nations, wherein consumers concentrate on durable goods, and hardly remember the subsistence concerns of previous stages. Rostow uses the Buddenbrooks dynamics metaphor to describe this change in attitude. In Thomas Mann's novel, Buddenbrooks, a family is chronicled for three generations. The first generation is interested in economic development, the second in its position in society. The third, already having money and prestige, concerns itself with the arts and music, worrying little about those previous, earthly concerns. So too, in the age of high mass consumption, a society is able to choose between concentrating on military and security issues, on equality and welfare issues, or on developing great luxuries for its upper class. Each country in this position chooses its own balance between these three goals. Criticism of the ModelRostow's thesis assumes a strong bias towards a western model of modernization. It de-emphasizes any difference between how leading sectors develop in free and controlled markets. However, Rostow's consideration of non-western cases such as China shows that to some extent, modernization can be achieved in different ways and through free market or controlled economic means and still fit into his model. It is more at his description of the final age, the age of high mass consumption, where controlled economies seem most to find no niche in Rostow's work. Even there, though, it could be said that the society seeks out economic equality at the complete detriment of any luxury. The most disabling assumption that Rostow is accused of is trying to fit economic progress into a linear system. This charge is correct in that many countries make false starts, reach a degree of transition and then slip back, or as is the case in contemporary Russia, slip back from high mass consumption (or almost) to a country in transition. On the other hand, Rostow's analysis seems to emphasize success because it is trying to explain success. To Rostow, if a country can be a disciplined, uncorrupt investor in itself, can establish certain norms into its society and polity, and can identify sectors where it has some sort of advantage, it can enter into transition and eventually reach modernity. Rostow would point to a failure in one of these conditions as a cause for non-linearity. Another problem that Rostow's work has is that it considers mostly large countries: countries with a large population (Japan), with natural resources available at just the right time in its history (Coal in Northern European countries), or with a large land mass (Argentina). He has little to say and indeed offers little hope for small countries, such as Rwanda, which do not have such advantages. Neo-liberal economic theory to Rostow, and many others, does offer hope to much of the world that economic maturity is coming and the age of high mass consumption is high. But that does leave a sort of 'grim meathook future' for the outliers, which do not have the resources, political will, or external backing to become competitive. Shafaq Chohan
What is an example of nonnormative life event?
Winning the lottery
Is the onset of puberty is an example of nonnormative life events?
No, puberty is very normal. Everyone goes through this phase in their teens.
How do you support transitions for all ages?
What sort of transitions are you asking about?
What is Transitions Optical's population?
Transitions Optical's population is 1,200.
Difference between forbidden and allowed transitions?
Forbidden transitions are transitions in a physical system that are not allowed according to selection rules, usually due to conservation laws or symmetry considerations. Allowed transitions are transitions that are permitted by the selection rules and can occur in a given physical system.
When was Transitions - EP - created?
Transitions - EP - was created in 2010-07.
When was The Major Transitions in Evolution created?
The Major Transitions in Evolution was created in 1995.
What is the ISBN of Transitions novel series?
The ISBN of Transitions - novel series - is 0786943408.
When was Transitions - Aghora album - created?
Transitions - Aghora album - was created in 1997.
How many pages does Transitions - novel series - have?
Transitions - novel series - has 346 pages.
What are transitions in imovie?
Windows Movie Maker transitions are movements between clips such as fades.
When was Transitions - novel series - created?
Transitions - novel series - was created on 2009-10-06.
