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How can bonds issued by two companies paying same contractual interest rate be issued at different prices?
To calculate present value of the bond you also need to know market interest rate. If , for example these companies were issuing their bonds in the different time and market interest rate was different then bond could be sold at premium(the bond will cost more then its face value), par (same as face value), and discount (bond will cost less then face value.)
Why Cost of preference capital is lower than cost of equity capital?
It depends on level of risk involved with certain type of capital, as low the risk factor as lower the cost or interest. That same formula applies to government securities as well.
Is mortgage payment a variable cost?
Mortgage payment can either be fixed or variable cost. A fixed cost means the interest rate charged on the loan will remain the same for the loan's entire term. A variable cost means the interest rate changes or decreases as time pass.
How much does it cost to change 5000 dollors into euro?
You just convert at a place that offers the best rate. Some Places will convert to or from a currency at virtually the same rate
What is the difference between the federal funds rate and the discount rate?
Financial and banking jargon is particularly arcane and confusing because different people use different terms for the same ideas, concepts, and rates. Other terms sound the same but are different. The federal funds rate, for example, is sometimes called the federal funds target rate or the intended federal funds rate. The latter two terms are more descriptive, because both imply that the Federal Reserve does not have direct control over the rate. The actual federal funds rate is the weighted average of interest rates that banks charge each other. It's set by open market competition but comes remarkably close to the target set by the Fed. The discount rate, in contrast, is usually about a half to a full percentage point higher than the federal funds rate. The Federal Reserve does control that one. The discount rate is the interest rate the Federal Reserve charges other depository institutions for very short-term (usually overnight) loans.
True or false the correct discount rate for a frim to use in capital budgetingassuming that new investments are of the same degree of risk as the frim's existing assets is its marginal cost of capital?
True
Is the interest rate and discount rate in present value?
yes they are the same
Why present value decreases as the discount rate increases?
because the rate of discount is being increased therefore the original amount lets say $500 no longer remains the same nor does it raise or stay the same.
What is the dividend tax rate?
The federal tax rate for what are known as "qualifying dividends" is the same as the long term capital gains tax rate. The rate for all other dividends is the same as the ordinary income rate. Mutual funds sometimes issue a dividend known as a "capital gains dividend" or a "capital gains distribution." This is a capital gain passed through from the fund and is treated as a long term capital gain to the shareholder.
NPV and cost of capital?
NPV is an abbreviation for Net Present Value. NPV is the sum of the current and discounted future cash flows of an investment. A future cash flow is worth less than a current cash flow, due to the time value of money. If the annual interest rate is denoted as "r", then our cash at the bank, denoted as "C", will grow to C x (1 + r)^1 at the end of year 1. Using the same principle on an inverse basis, the future cash at the bank in one year, denoted as "FC", will be FC / (1 + r)^1 today. This is because if we put FC / (1 + r)^1 in the account today, we will have FC x (1 + r)^1 / (1 + r)^1 = FC in one year. This sums up the notion of discounted cash flows, it is adjusted for the time value of money. Thus investing 80 USD today for a known income of 100 in one year, with r=10%, yields an NPV of -80 + 100/1.10 ~= 10.9. I.e., the investment today of 80 is not discounted since it is done today (no time effect) and the cash flow in one year is discounted by the interest rate for one year. The letter "r" in this case, is your discount rate. The discount rate is often the same as the cost of capital. The cost of capital is what investors expect in return for their investments. When using bank debt, is simply the interest rate paid. When using equity financing, the cost of capital depends on the amount of risk in the investment, i.e. what the equity investors expect given the level of risk they are taking. Thus if the investment is perceived as risky, the cost of capital will rise, and when the cost of capital rises, the future cash flow is discounted to a larger degree (since C / (1+r) goes down if "r" goes up). The rule is to make an investment if it has a positive NPV value. The investment above has a positive NPV given a 10% discount rate, but not given a 30% discount rate. Thus, in summary: NPV is a way of calculating the profit of a project taking the time effect of money, given the risk of the project, into the calculation. The cost of capital is what is expected in return from your investors given their investment and the risk involved.
How can bonds issued by two companies paying same contractual interest rate be issued at different prices?
To calculate present value of the bond you also need to know market interest rate. If , for example these companies were issuing their bonds in the different time and market interest rate was different then bond could be sold at premium(the bond will cost more then its face value), par (same as face value), and discount (bond will cost less then face value.)
Will a firm that owns its own capital equipment will have the exact same long run cost function as a firm that rents capital if both firms have the same production function?
No a firm that owns its own capital equipment will not have the exact long run cost function as a firm that rents capital even if they both have the same production function.
Why Cost of preference capital is lower than cost of equity capital?
It depends on level of risk involved with certain type of capital, as low the risk factor as lower the cost or interest. That same formula applies to government securities as well.
Do you believe that a firm should use the same cost of capital for all of its projects?
no
Why the discount bond is not a bargain?
Because the rate of return it is still a function of market influences. Whether a bond is premium or discount is merely a reference of the coupon rate vs the real market interest rate. If the issuer sets their coupon rate below the market rate, it is said to be discounted. Set the coupon rate above the market interest rate and it is said to be premium. An invester pays below face value for a discount bond and above for a premium. In the end, the invester receives a return on their investment that aligns with the real market interest rates. Premium vs Discount is merely a reference point from where you start - you still end up in the same place.
What percentage of tax do you have to pay on capital gain?
The federal long term capital gains rate is 15% for most people. For low income people in 2008 thru 2010, the rate is 0%. The federal rate for short term capital gains is the same as the rate on ordinary income. In addition, state income taxes may apply, which vary by state.
Under what case IRR is preferred to NPV?
IRR is measured in terms of %age and not in absolute measures. It is the breakeven discount rate and is preferred where management is interested in evaluating the project in terms of %age. It enables the management to compare it to the inflation rate, cost of capital or investment and with other accounting ratios. If NPV or absolute return is same in large and small investment, then IRR method is preferred in choosing the investment. Because in this case, IRR gives the %age of return and a project with higher IRR is recommended.
