The "color" of anything is determined by the wavelengths of visible light that are reflected off of it's surface. When that reflected light reaches your eye, you see color. The colors you don't see are those that are asborbed by said material. Some materials emit their own light however, in which case, those emitted wavelengths would combine with those that are reflected.
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Minerals can have multiple colors due to impurities or trace elements present in their structure. These impurities can affect how light is absorbed or reflected, leading to a variety of colors. The crystal lattice arrangement of the mineral can also play a role in determining its color by influencing how light interacts with the mineral.
Minerals change color because of:
* Chemical weathering * Reflectivity * Exposure to different light wavelengths * Recrystallization
Different traces of minerals and impurities cause certain rocks to be multiple colors. Pure mineral rocks are one color, impure mineral rocks are multiple colors.
Because some minerals have either multiple colors or their color may have faded away over the years
Color is not a reliable indicator of a mineral's identity because many minerals come in a variety of colors or may change color due to impurities. It can be misleading since different minerals can have the same color, leading to confusion. Other physical properties, such as hardness, cleavage, and streak, are more dependable for mineral classification.
Fluorescent minerals absorb light energy and re-emit it as visible light in different colors. When light shines on them, they become energized and glow with vibrant colors.
Relying solely on color to identify minerals can be the least useful method, as many minerals can have similar colors but different compositions. This can lead to misidentification and confusion.
It often does not match the observable color of the specimen. Differences between streak and observable color can be due to inclusions, staining, refraction, impurities, or exposure to heat and radiation.