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Water must gain or lose energy (through heat or pressure) in order to change state. When an object is "heated" what is actually happening is the molecules in the sample are speeding up. When it is "cooled" the molecules are slowing down. The same thing happens when the pressure is changed: when you compress something energy is added, and when you expand energy is released. So for water to change state, you need to change the amount of energy in the sample by changing the amount of heat or pressure.
Water must be heated until its temperature reaches 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), at which point it will begin to boil and change from a liquid to a gas. The boiling point of water occurs when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
Energy, in the form of heat, must be added to water to change it's temperature.
The vapor pressure of the water becomes equal to atmospheric pressure.
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