A disc or chain harrow is towed behind a tractor to break down soil lumps into a fine tilth suitable for seed sowing.
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A garden fork or a cultivator can be used to break up large lumps of soil before planting. These tools help to loosen the soil and create a better environment for plant roots to grow.
Tools such as rakes, hoes, shovels, and spades can be used to break up soil lumps in a garden or field. Implements such as a rototiller or garden fork can also be effective for larger areas. The choice of tool will depend on the size of the area and the hardness of the soil.
Soil pulverization is the process of breaking down large soil clumps into smaller particles. This helps to improve soil structure, aeration, and water infiltration, which in turn enhances plant root growth and nutrient uptake. Soil pulverization can be achieved using various mechanical tools or practices, such as tillage or harrowing.
Lumps on groundnut plants are typically caused by the presence of root-knot nematodes. These nematodes infect the roots of the plant, causing swelling and deformation known as galls or lumps. Treatment may involve planting resistant varieties, crop rotation, and soil fumigation.
Composting improves soil fertility by breaking down once-living matter into organic matter rich in nutrients. Soil organisms in compost help break down organic matter, improving soil structure and aeration, which enhances nutrient availability for plants.
When water erodes soil, a large groove is called a gully.