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Sediments transported in water can appear as suspended particles of varying sizes, ranging from fine clay to coarse sand or gravel. The water may appear murky or turbid due to the presence of these sediments. Sediments can deposit along the streambed or shoreline when the water velocity decreases, forming distinctive layers or patterns.
Sediments move downstream through processes like erosion, transportation, and deposition by the force of water, wind, or ice. As water flows, it picks up and carries sediments, gradually depositing them as the energy of the water decreases. This continuous cycle of erosion, transportation, and deposition allows sediments to be transported downstream over time.
These sediments are called detrital or clastic sediments. They are derived from the breakdown of rocks and minerals through weathering processes on land, and are then transported and deposited by various agents like water, wind, or ice.
When an igneous rock is weathered and eroded into sediments by processes like wind, water, or ice, it can then be transported and deposited in layers. Over time, the sediments can undergo compaction and cementation, forming a sedimentary rock.
Deposition begins when sediments transported by water, wind, or ice settle and accumulate, usually in low-lying areas like river deltas, beaches, or the ocean floor. The process starts when the energy of the transporting agent decreases, causing it to drop its load of sediments.
Rock particles are eroded from the land by factors like water, wind, or ice, and are transported by rivers to estuaries. Once in the estuary, the fast-moving river water slows down, causing the rock particles to settle and accumulate as sediments. Over time, these sediments may undergo compaction and cementation, forming sedimentary rocks.