Volcanologists study lava. They examine the behavior, composition, and effects of volcanic activity, including the study of lava flows and eruptions.
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Scientists who study rocks are called geologists. They specialize in the field of geology, which includes the study of the Earth's history, structure, and processes, including the formation and properties of rocks.
A geologist would examine the composition of lava, including its mineral content and chemical composition. They would also investigate the temperature and viscosity of the lava, as well as its eruption style and flow behavior. Additionally, they might study the texture and structure of lava rocks to understand how the lava cooled and solidified.
Scientists study seismic waves from earthquakes to learn about the layers of the Earth. By examining how these waves travel through the Earth, scientists can infer information about the composition and structure of the various layers beneath the surface.
Scientists refer to the study of weather as meteorology.
Geologists and hydrologists are typically the scientists who study waterfalls. Geologists study the formation and structure of waterfalls, while hydrologists study the flow and dynamics of the water. Together, they analyze the geological processes and hydrological factors that shape and influence waterfalls.