Igneous rocks are formed through two processes: cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma) on or beneath the Earth's surface (extrusive), and cooling and crystallization of magma deep beneath the Earth's surface (intrusive).
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The two processes that result in the formation of igneous rocks are cooling and solidification of molten magma, and crystallization of magma within the Earth's crust or on the surface. These processes lead to the solidification of molten material, which then forms igneous rocks.
Processes such as melting, recrystallization, and metamorphism occur deep in the Earth's crust. These processes involve high temperatures and pressures that cause rocks to change their form and composition.
At a convergent boundary, the processes of subduction, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another, can lead to the formation of metamorphic rocks such as schist and gneiss. Additionally, the intense heat and pressure generated by the collision of two plates can cause the melting of rocks, leading to the formation of igneous rocks like granite.
No, erosion is not necessary for the formation of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava, which can occur below the Earth's surface or on the surface. Erosion can affect igneous rocks once they have been formed by breaking them down and transporting the sediments.
Other types of rocks include volcanic rocks (such as basalt and pumice), hydrothermal rocks (like geyserite and travertine), and organic rocks (such as coal and limestone). These rocks form from specific processes or conditions that differ from the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.