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The weathering and erosion of surface materials by water, wind, ice, and gravity will slowly change the Earth's surface. On a geologic time scale, tectonic forces created by the dissipation of heat from Earth's interior, will cause the movement of huge slabs of rock (plates) to separate, collide, or grind past one another, causing volcanoes, mountains, and the creation and destruction of Earth surfaces. Sunlight, it might be added, creates the surface heat necessary for weathering and erosion over time. The location of the planetary orbit and tidal forces also can have a slow, imperceptible effect.

The effects of floods, development by mankind, and meteor impacts would be considered rapidly occurring changes to the Earth's surface.

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Erosion by wind, water, and glaciers, as well as weathering processes like freezing and thawing, contribute to slowly changing the Earth's surface over time. Tectonic plate movements also play a significant role in shaping the Earth's surface by causing earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains.

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Q: What things slowly change the earth's surface?
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